How many references should you list on a CV?

The modern standard: don't list references on the CV itself

For most applications in 2026, references shouldn't appear on the CV at all — not the names, and often not even the line mentioning them. Employers who want references will ask for them later in the process, typically after an interview, and by then they'll usually ask you to submit a separate reference sheet with full contact details.

Why this changed from older CV advice

Older CV templates commonly included "References available upon request" as a closing line. This has become unnecessary for two reasons: it states something employers already assume by default, and it takes up space on the page that could go toward another achievement or skill. Leaving it off entirely is now the more polished choice, not a mistake.

When you might still list references directly

A few situations are exceptions where listing references (or being ready to submit them immediately) can help:

• Government, academic, or some public-sector roles — these applications sometimes explicitly request references upfront as part of the standard application form.
• When a job posting explicitly asks for them — always follow the posting's specific instructions over general advice.
• Some international applications — reference expectations vary by country in a similar way to CV photo norms, so it's worth checking local convention if you're applying abroad.

If you do need to list references, how many and how

Two to three references is standard when they're requested. For each one, include: full name, job title, company, relationship to you (e.g. "Former Manager"), and a phone number or email — ask permission from each person before listing their contact details, and let them know roughly when they might be contacted.

What to prepare instead of a references section

Rather than using CV space on references, prepare a separate one-page reference sheet formatted to match your CV, ready to send the moment it's requested. This keeps your CV focused on your own achievements while still letting you respond quickly and professionally when references are actually needed later in the process.

Choosing the right references when the time comes

Pick people who can speak specifically to your work — a direct manager, a senior colleague you worked closely with, or a client for freelance work — rather than someone with a more senior title but limited direct knowledge of your day-to-day work. A specific, confident reference is worth more than an impressive title attached to someone who barely worked with you.

FAQ

Should I write "References available upon request" on my CV?

It's generally unnecessary in 2026 — employers already assume this by default, and leaving the line off frees up space for content that actually helps your application.

How many references should I have ready if asked?

Two to three is standard. Choose people who can speak specifically and confidently about your actual work, rather than the most senior title you can list.